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50 Best Construction Business ideas You Can Start Today

Construction Business

Are you interested in starting a business in the construction industry? If YES, here are 50 simple construction business ideas you can start with little money.

The construction industry can comfortably boast to be responsible for the infrastructural development of the world; the development of any country or city is the handiwork of construction companies and other stakeholders. In other words, all the edifices, bridges, dams, roads, estates, campuses, shopping malls, office complexes, skyscrapers and massive structures that you see around today, are all products of the construction industry.

Here are 50 business ideas in the construction industry that an entrepreneur who is interested in start a business can choose from;

Construction Business ideas & Opportunities

A. Equipment Rental Business ideas

B. Demolition Company

C. Equipment Leasing Business

D. Welding and Fabrication Business

E. Home Remodeling Business

F. Drywall Contracting Business

G. Spray Foam Insulation Business

H. Trade Show Booth & Equipment Rental Business

I. Fencing Company

J. Concrete Contracting Business

K. Laser Cutting Business ideas

L. AutoCAD Business ideas

Profitable Construction Business ideas

  1. Start a Construction Company

Of course one of the most popular businesses to start in the construction industry is to register and start a construction company.

One thing is certain, surviving in the business world as a construction company requires more than knowing how to deliver standard projects- but also how to network with key people that matters and decision makers who can decide who a project is to be given to and all that.

So, if you are a civil engineer, a structural engineer or a profession in any related field and are looking for a business to start, then one of your options is to start a construction company; it is a thriving and profitable business especially if you know how to position your business.

  1. Start a Cement Manufacturing Plant

Cement manufacturing businesses is yet another construction related business that an entrepreneur should consider starting.

Starting a cement production plant might be capital intensive, but one thing is certain, you aren’t going to struggle to sell your cements -especially if you are selling at a competitive price. If you have a solid capital base, then you should consider opening your own cement manufacturing plant.

This type of business is highly profitable in Africa simply because of the massive construction works that is going on all around Africa. That does not mean that if you live outside Africa that you can’t successfully go into cement manufacturing business; of course cements are sold in all the countries of the world.

  1. Go into the Manufacturing of Blocks and Bricks

Cement Brick and Block Moulding Business

If you are looking towards starting a cottage business in the construction industry, a business that requires low start – up capital and little or no technology, then you should consider starting a block and brick manufacturing company. As long as the construction industry is thriving, blocks and bricks manufacturing industry will also thrive.

The construction industry is the major consumer of blocks and bricks and if you are into blocks and bricks manufacturing, you must ensure that you network with those in the construction industry; they are you major clients.

  1. Open a Cement Retailing Business

An extra thriving and profitable business venture in the construction industry that an entrepreneur with little or no technical skills can consider starting is to open a cement retailing business. If you are considering starting this type of business, then your best options is to choose a location that is suitable for such business.

A Location that is opening up for development and construction sites, amongst others, are places that are highly suitable for this type of business.

  1. Go into Roofing Materials Manufacturing Business

Another construction related business that is worth starting is the manufacturing of roofing materials. The truth is that without roofs, a building can’t be said to be completed. That goes to show that there is large market for roofing materials.

Roofing materials manufacturing business is a capital intensive business, but if you are able to conduct market survey and feasibility studies before investing in this type of business, you will be able to make good business decisions that will help you breakeven within record time.

  1. Start Gathers Rental Business

Gathers rental business is yet another cool way of making from the construction industry. Gathers are used during construction, roofing, plastering, painting, plumbing and fixing of windows and nets et al in story buildings and high rise buildings.

So, if you have the start – up capital to construct gathers and also enough space to keep them, then you should consider starting gathers rental business. This type of business has low running cost and huge turnover especially if you are able to attract construction companies that will rent your gathers on a regular basis.

  1. Go into the Production of Nails

Nails are highly needed in the construction industries for different purposes that range roofing buildings to preparing the structures for pillars and all what not. So, if you are looking for a thriving and profitable construction related business to start, then one of your options is to go into the production of nails.

There is indeed a huge market for nails and if you produce quality and strong nails, you wouldn’t really struggle to gain market acceptance especially if you have good marketing strategy.

  1. Offer Bricklayer Services

Another means of making money from the construction industry that an aspiring entrepreneur should deliberate on, is to offer bricklayer services.

If you intend offering bricklayer services, you would need to undergo trainings. As a bricklayer, it is your responsibility to market your services to players in the construction industry and as much as lies within your power, ensure that go to construction sites to market your business.

  1. Go into the Supply of Gravels and Sharp Sands

The supply of gravels and sharp sands is yet another highly thriving and profitable construction related business that an aspiring entrepreneur who is looking at starting a business in the construction industry should consider opening. As a matter of fact, there is hardly any construction work that could be done without gravels and sharp sands.

This goes to show that there is indeed a pretty large market for gravels and sharp sands. So, if you are looking for a business to start in the construction industry, a business that does not require training or any technical skills, then one of your options is to go into the supply of gravels and sharp sands.

All you need to get this type of business going is a tipper – truck and the required permits to lift gravels and sharp sands from source.

  1. Start Pre-Construction and Post-Construction Cleaning Business

Post Construction Cleaning Business

Another thriving and indeed profitable business venture that an entrepreneur who is interested in starting a business in the construction industry should consider starting is a pre – construction and post construction cleaning business.

It is the practice for pre – construction cleaning to be carried out in a proposed construction site before the commencement of proper construction work and of course after the construction, post construction cleaning is expected to be carried out before the facility can commissioned of open for rental or leasing.

So, if you are in the cleaning industry, it would pay you a great deal to add pre – construction and post – construction cleaning, as part of your service offering.

  1. Go into the Manufacturing of Marbles and Tiles

If you are tinkering with starting a business in the construction industry, then you should look towards going into the manufacturing of marbles and tiles. In recent times, there is hardly any house that is built where tiles or marbles are not used for flooring. This goes to show that there is a huge market for marbles and tiles.

Although, this type of business is relatively capital intensive, but it is a business that you are certain of breaking even in good time if you know how to market your products. You should not consider selling your tiles and marbles only in your country, but in the international market.

  1. Start Selling Tractors

You might not have the capital base to compete with major manufacturers of tractors and heavy duty machines, but if you are interested in the industry, then you should consider selling tractors. Tractors are key equipment used in the construction industry and there is a large market for tractors.

Just ensure that you negotiate with tractor manufacturer of your choice so as to become their merchant. You can as well become merchants for more than one tractor maker.

  1. Start Fixing Tiles, Marbles and Interlocking Slabs (Paving Stones) et al

Another means of earning money in the construction industry is to start fixing tiles, marbles, and interlocking slabs / paving stones. It is a cool way of making money but you would need to undergo training before you can start and render this type of services.

Just like services in the construction industry, in other to make it with this type of business, you must ensure that you network with stakeholders in the construction industry and also visit construction sites to market your services.

  1. Start Fixing POP

Fixing of POP is yet another means of earning money from the construction business. POPs are fixed in buildings to beautify buildings. So, if you are interested in starting a business in the construction industry, then you should consider learning how to fix POP.

Just like services in the construction industry, in other to make it with this type of business, you must ensure that you network with stakeholders in the construction industry and also visit construction sites to market your services. The truth is that, you are thorough in your job delivery, then you will get referrals from your clients.

  1. Start Electrical Wiring Business (Building Wiring Business)

A building is not complete without proper electrical wiring of the building. If you are an electrician or you have studied electrical engineering and are looking towards starting a business in the construction industry, then one of your options is to start an electrical wiring business.

It is a profitable and thriving business to go into especially if you are good with what you do and you know how to network and market your services in the construction industry.

  1. Go into the Production of Doors and Gates

Manufacturing of doors and gates is yet an addendum construction related business idea. Of course, no building is complete without doors; doors are essential component of a building. If you are looking towards starting your own manufacturing company and you have not made up your mind on the product to produce, then you should consider going into doors manufacturing.

Much more than manufacturing regular doors, you can also specialize in the production of security doors. There is a huge market for security doors and the business is indeed profitable.

  1. Go into the Construction and Fixing of Burglaries

Construction and fixing of burglaries are services rendered by welders in the construction industry. So, if you are a welder who is looking towards starting a construction based business, then one of your major options is to go into the construction and fixing of burglaries in building. It is a money – spinning business venture to start.

Please note that if you are interested in starting this type of business, then you must undergo welding training. Just like services in the construction industry, in other to make it with this type of business, you must ensure that you network with stakeholders in the construction industry and also visit construction sites to market your services.

  1. Go into the Sales of Construction Equipment

Another good business which an entrepreneur who is looking at commencing a business in the construction industry should consider starting is to go into the sales of construction equipment. Equipment, such as concrete mixers, shovels, pans, and ladders et al are some of the equipment you will find in an ideal construction shop.

You don’t need any technical skills before you can launch this type of business. All you need is a shop and capital to stock your shop with construction equipment.

  1. Start Borehole Drilling Business

It is the practice in Africa and in most parts of the world for construction companies that source for the water they would need for construction. Sometimes construction companies hire water tanker drivers to deliver water to their construction sites on the hand.

It is economical to drill your own borehole especially if the local council gives you the go ahead to do so. Hence, if you are interested in starting a business in the construction industry, then one of your options is to start borehole drilling business. It is indeed a profitable business in Nigeria and in countries where people can freely dig boreholes.

  1. Offer Land Survey Services

Land survey services is yet another professional and profitable business that an entrepreneur who is interested in starting a business in the construction industry should consider starting. There is no disputing the fact that construction works is expected to commence without proper surveying the land; hence there is a large market for land survey services.

Just like services in the construction industry, in order to make it with this type of business, you must ensure that you network with stakeholders in the construction industry and also visit construction sites to market your services. The truth is that, if you are thorough in your job delivery, then you will get referrals from your clients.

  1. Start a Logging Business

Logging Business

Logging business is yet another construction related business that an entrepreneur who is interested in starting a business should consider starting. The logging industry is indeed a very big industry both in the united states of America and in Canada.

Logging companies are known to be major players in house construction and in the forestry industry. Majority of the houses in the US and Canada are built with logs; hence the sales of log is tied to the real estate industry (the construction and sales of homes). Starting a logging company can be considered to be capital intensive but it’s indeed highly profitable.

It is capital intensive because of the money required for the purchase of logging equipment and the money required to obtain licenses and permits. No doubt the industry is highly regulated by both the Federal Government and the State Government and any logging company that is found on the wrong side of the law are always dealt with.

  1. Offer Lawn Care Services

Lawn Mowing Business

Another easy to start construction related business that an entrepreneur who is interested in starting a business should consider starting is lawn care services. Lawn care business is not one of those businesses that someone can start and make big money from without truly working hard and smart.

Any entrepreneur who intends starting his or her own lawn care business and intend making huge profits from it must be very creative and must be ready to go the extra mile to convince clients that he or she can deliver an excellent job and he or she must prove beyond every reasonable doubt that they are competent.

  1. Offer Landscaping Services

Landscaping Business

Another thriving and profitable easy to start construction related business that an entrepreneur who is serious about making money should consider starting is to offer landscaping services. Landscape architecture is all about the art, planning, designing, management, preservation and rehabilitation of the land and the design of a large man – made constructs; it beautifies our environment.

Landscaping business just like Lawn care business is not one of those businesses that someone can start and make big money from without truly working pretty hard and smart.

Any entrepreneur who intends starting his or her own landscaping business and making huge profits from it must be very creative and must be ready to go the extra mile to convince clients that he or she can deliver an excellent job and he or she must prove beyond every reasonable doubt that they are competent.

  1. Start an Interior Decoration Business

An interior decoration business is a typical home improvement and construction related business that an entrepreneur who is serious about making money should consider starting.

Interior decoration is all about giving our homes, offices and buildings facelifts; interior decors are involved activities ranging from color selections for apartments, lighting selections, blind selections amongst some other things that are needed to bring out the beauty in a house or building.

So if you are looking for a construction related business to start, then your best bet is to start an interior decoration business; it is a profitable and thriving business venture to engage in.

  1. Start a Plumbing Business

Another thriving and profitable construction related business that an entrepreneur who is interested in starting a business should consider starting is a plumbing business. As a matter of fact, a building is not complete with a thorough plumbing job.

In recent time, it appears that plumbers are scare to come by; the plumbers that are available in most communities are not enough to service the entire community.

So if you are looking for a construction related business to start, then one of your options is to start a plumbing business. It is important to state that you would need to acquire a plumbing skill if you intend starting a plumbing business. This type of business is a business that you can successfully run alone or with one or more employees.

  1. Start a Property Development Company

Starting a property development company is yet another thriving and profitable construction related business. The property development industry is categorized into the construction industry and it is indeed a very large industry that has the potential to make entrepreneurs millionaire within a short period of time.

Property development industry is a many-sided business that covers all aspect of activities ranging from acquiring raw land to selling or renting or leasing of fully finished and furnished properties. In essence, developers are responsible for turning ideas into real properties; i.e. they acquire land, they finance real estate deals, they engage in building projects and they sell, rent, lease and manage properties on behalf of their clients.

  1. Go into Home Painting Business

Home painting business is yet another highly lucrative and profitable construction related business that an entrepreneur who is interested in making money should consider starting. Painting of a building is some of the finishing touches that are carried out after construction jobs have been completed.

So also, one of the easiest way of improving the appearance of your home is first to paint your house. This goes to show that there are undeniably loads of business opportunities for professional painters.

So if you are trying to start a construction related business, a business that requires very minimal start – up capital and a business that you can successfully operate alone or with one or more employees, then one of your options is to go into home painting business.

It is important to state that you would be required to acquire training as a painter before you can successfully launch this type of business.

  1. Fixing of Wall Papers

One of the coolest ways of making money from construction related business is to go into the fixing of wall papers. Wall papers are now produced in 3D format and they usually change the outlook of an apartment once they are used. So, if you are looking for a profitable, thriving, simple and cost effective business to launch in the construction line of business, then one of your options is to start fixing wall papers.

It is a business that a serious minded entrepreneur can successful start and manage; it requires just few days of training. Your ability to generate income from this type of business depends largely on your ability to market your services; social media and your catalogue are your major marketing tools.

  1. Furniture Polishing Services

Furniture polishing services is yet another thriving and profitable construction related business venture that an entrepreneur who is interested in making money should consider starting. There are loads of people who are willing to pay for this services.

Furniture such as cupboard, wardrobe, cabins, shelves, tables, and any wooden products can come alive and shinning if properly polished. So if you are looking for a simple but yet profitable construction related business to start, then one of your options is to go into furniture polishing business.

  1. Floor (Tiles, Marbles, Terrazzo and Wooden Floors et al) Cleaning and Stain Removal Services

Floor (tiles, marbles, terrazzo and wooden floors et al) cleaning and stain removal services is yet another thriving and profitable construction related business that an entrepreneur who is interested in making money from the construction industry should consider starting.

This type of business is a niche in the cleaning industry and it is a business that requires professionalism on like general cleaning services. It is important to state that in order to successfully launch this type of business, it will be to your advantage to undergo training, and you can learn the trade from someone who is already successful with this type of business.

  1. Haulage Services

Trucking Business

Haulage services is yet another means if making money from the construction industry. Haulage business is all about transporting goods from one location to another location. As a matter of fact, cements, rods, sharp sands, gravels, blocks, construction equipment and other stuffs needed in the construction sites are transported via the services of haulage companies.

As such, if you are looking for a cool means of making money from the construction industry, then you should start rendering haulage services targeted towards the construction industry.

  1. Water Closet and Ceramic Wares Production

Washing hand basins and water closets are essentials in building facilities. A building is not complete if there are not toilets hence the high demand for WCs and other ceramic wares.

So if you are considering starting a manufacturing company, a construction related business, then you should look towards starting a water closet and ceramic wares production factory. It is indeed a thriving and highly profitable business because there is pretty high demand for water closets and ceramic wares et al.

  1. Safety Helmets, C–Caution, Safety Boots and Other Safety Gadgets Production

Another construction related business that an entrepreneur who is interested in starting a business should consider starting is to go into the manufacturing of safety gadgets. It is the practice for safety measures to be enforced in construction sites, which is why it is easier to find construction workers putting on safety helmets, safety boots and other safety gadgets.

There is indeed a large market for safety gadgets such as helmets, overalls, protective goggles, safety boots, safety vest (bib) et al. So if you are considering starting this type of business, then you must be willing to work with the standard and specifications of the regulatory bodies in the industry.

It is a capital intensive industry and at the same time it is a profitable venture to go into. But it is advisable to conduct a thorough market survey and feasibility studies before starting this type of business; it will help you to identify your own market.

  1. Aluminum Products Manufacturing

There are several products that can be made from aluminum, products such as windows, doors, roofs, pans; et al. can be produced with aluminum. If you are looking for a construction related business to start, you can consider going into aluminum products manufacturing. It is a highly thriving and profitable business.

Before starting this type of business, it is advisable to conduct a thorough market survey and feasibility studies so as to be able to identify aluminum products that are highly sellable; it will make marketing easier for your marketing team. You can as well produce plain aluminum sheets; there is also a large market for it.

  1. Offer Architectural Services

Architectural Design Business

The services of architects are need in the construction industry. So, if you are an architect and you looking towards becoming your own boss, it is normal for you to offer architectural services.

Just like services in the construction industry, in other to earn good money from this type of business, you must ensure that you network with stakeholders in the construction industry and also visit construction sites to market your services. The truth is that, if you are thorough in your job delivery, then you will get referrals from your clients.

  1. Start Construction Equipment Rental Business

Equipment Leasing Business

Construction equipment rental business is yet another thriving and profitable business venture in the construction industry that an entrepreneur who is interested in starting a business should consider starting.

Construction equipment such as tractors, cranes, concrete mixers and gathers et al are need in construction sites hence there is a market for whoever decided to start a construction equipment rental business. This kind of business is relatively capital intensive simply because of the cost of acquiring construction equipment such as cranes and tractors.

Just ensure that you network with stakeholders in the construction industry and also make sure your office is well positioned so as to attract customers with little or no stress.

  1. Supply of Overhead and Underground Tanks

Another profitable and thriving construction related business that an aspiring entrepreneur who is interested in starting a business should consider starting.

Overhead tanks and underground tanks are used in the storage of water in building and there is hardly any building around without at least an overhead tank or an underground tank. You don’t need any technical skills to be able to start and run this type of business.

All you need is start – up capital, a registered business and good business relationship with players in the construction industry. Part of what you need to do to market your business is to ensure that you regularly visit construction sites; that is where you will meet the bulk of your clients

  1. Go into the Manufacturing of Sinks, Showers and Taps et al

Another construction related business that an aspiring entrepreneur who is interested in starting a construction related business should consider starting is to go into the manufacturing of sinks, shower and taps et al. These are stuffs that are found in buildings hence there is a large market for them.

So if you have the required start – capital and you are looking towards investing in a construction related business, then one of your options is to go into the manufacturing of sinks, showers and taps et al; it is a money – spinning business.

  1. Go into the Manufacturing and Fixing of Jacuzzis

If you are interested in starting a luxurious construction related business, then one of your options is to go into the manufacturing and perhaps fixing and maintenance of Jacuzzis. As a matter of fact, people tend to display their wealth by installing Jacuzzis in their houses.

This is so because the truth is that a poor man can’t afford Jacuzzi. It is indeed a profitable construction related business venture to start.

  1. Start Swimming Pool Construction and Maintenance Business

Swimming pool construction and maintenance is yet another construction related business. It is safe to classify swimming pool construction and maintenance business under the construction industry simply because the nature of the job that is done during the construction of swimming pools.

So if you are interested in starting a business in the construction industry, then one of your options is to start swimming pool construction and maintenance business. It is indeed a thriving and profitable business especially if you know how to market your services to the people that can afford it.

  1. Offer Carpentry Services

During the process of constructing a building, there are different phases of the construction process that the services of a carpenter is would be needed.

For example it is the job of carpenters to prepare wooding mold used for casting concrete pillars, it is the job of a carpenter to install ceilings and roofing in buildings and also it is the job of a carpenter to build and install cabins, wardrobes and other wood works in a facility.

So if you are a carpenter and you are looking for a construction related business to start, then one of your best options is to offer general carpentry services in the construction industry.

Just like services in the construction industry, in other to make it with this type of business, you must ensure that you network with stakeholders in the construction industry and also visit construction sites to market your services. The truth is that, if you are thorough in your job delivery, then you will get referrals from your clients.

  1. Go into the Supply of Tars and Bitumen

Road construction and maintenance is a component in the construction industry; construction industry is not only about constructing building and bridges et al. The major raw materials used in the construction of roads are tars and bitumen hence there is a large market for tars and bitumen.

So if you are looking for a construction related business to start, a business that is profitable and thriving, then one of your option is to go into the supply of tars and bitumen. You can network with the ministry of works / public works departments (PWD) in your country because they are one of the big – time consumer of tars and bitumen.

  1. Go into the Manufacturing of Keys and Locks

Another thriving and profitable construction related business that an entrepreneur can successfully start is to go into the manufacturing of keys and locks.

You will quite agree that there is hardly any building facility where you will not find keys and locks. Keys and locks are necessary components of any building. So if you are looking towards starting a construction related business, then one of your options is to go into the manufacturing of keys and locks.

  1. Go into the Supply of Iron Rods

Iron rods are some of the building materials that are used for different purposes during the construction of any facility, and bridges et al. Iron rods are basically used for reinforcement and for railings and burglary proofs et al hence there is a large market for rods in the construction industry.

So if you are looking for any construction related business to venture into, then one of your options is to go into the supply of iron rods. You don’t need any technical experience before you can successfully launch this type of business. All you need to get this business started is start – up capital, business registration and network with stakeholders in construction sites.

  1. Start a Construction Consulting Business

It is the practice in organized settings that before any construction contract is awarded and commissioned, the services of a construction consultant will be hired. Construction consultant gives construction related advice to government, corporate organizations and even individual who would need to be properly guided before venturing into any major construction job.

So if you have the required qualifications and you have vast experience in the construction industry, then you should consider starting a construction consulting business. If you are well positioned, you can sign a lucrative long term contract with the government of your country.

  1. Go into the Construction of Cabins and Wardrobes

Another thriving and profitable construction related business that a trained carpenter can successfully launch is to go into the construction of cabins and wardrobes. As a matter of fact, a building (especially a residential facility) can be said to be complete without wardrobes and kitchen cabins et al hence there is a market for this type of services.

Just like services in the construction industry, in other to make it with this type of business, you must ensure that you network with stakeholders in the construction industry and also visit construction sites to market your services. The truth is that, if you are thorough in your job delivery, then you will get referrals from your clients.

  1. Start a Roof Maintenance and Restoration Business

Roof maintenance and restoration business is yet another profitable and thriving construction related business that an aspiring entrepreneur can successfully start with little training. No doubt roofs are subjected to wear and tear due to the exposure to harsh climatic conditions which is why after a period of time you will find out that a roof is leaking when it rains.

It is the duty of roof maintenance and restoration companies to help fix leakages in roofs and also to replace worn out roofs with new ones.

It is for this reason that if you are looking for a construction related business to start, then one of your options is to start a roof maintenance and restoration business. It is safe to classify this type of business as post construction maintenance business.

  1. Installation of Air Conditions and Electric Water Heater

Another profitable and thriving business in the construction value chain that an aspiring entrepreneur should can successfully start is installation of air conditions and electric water heaters in buildings. There is a huge market for this type of business especially if you know how to market your business offerings to the right clients.

In order to market your services, it will pay you to visit construction sites to network with site supervisors and other stakeholders on the field. They are likely going to give you the business leverage that you need.

  1. Go into the Manufacturing of Ceilings

Although in recent time people make use of POP, but that does not in any way stop the sale of other ceiling materials. Wood ceilings, asbestos ceiling, and other ceiling materials are still being used in the construction industry.

So, if you are looking for a profitable business to start in the construction industry, then one of your options is to go into the manufacturing of various ceiling materials. There is indeed a market for this building materials -but you must work hard to push your products into the market.

  1. Publish Construction cum Real Estate Magazine

There are several businesses that an entrepreneur can launched in the value chain of the construction industry and one of them is to start publishing construction cum real estate magazines. Information is key in any industry and all you need to do to be able to gain ground with this type of business is to ensure that you have relevant contents in your magazine per time.

Part of the information that you should make available in your construction cum real estate magazine are the prices of building materials, the trends in the construction industry, and advisory services to investors who are looking towards investing in the construction industry.

For example someone wants to build a house and want to quickly checkup the current price of bags of cements can quickly get the information from your magazine.

51. Start a Handyman Business

The handyman business is becoming more popular in recent times because people are becoming busier by the day with work and their family and they have no time to do the odd-jobs which that needs to be done in their homes and on their property.

They therefore need help to get these little jobs done. It is really pertinent to note that there are loads of opportunities in the construction industry; however, it now becomes really imperative that you get trained by an expert before you get to commence your business.

Why is this important? This is essentially important so that you do not go into the business unarmed with all the vital information that should help you advance.